Passe compose

Le passé composé is the most common French past tense, often used in conjunction with the imparfait. The passé composé is used to express:

I.	An action or state of being completed in the past
	As-tu étudié ce weekend ?	Did you study this weekend?
	Ils ont déjà mangé.	They have already eaten.
II.	An action repeated a specific number of times in the past
	Hier, j'ai mangé cinq fois.	I ate five times yesterday.
	Nous avons visité Paris plusieurs fois.	We've visited Paris several times.
III.	A series of actions completed in the past
	Samedi, il a vu sa mère, a parlé au médicin et a trouvé un chat.	Saturday he saw his mother, talked to the doctor, and found a cat.

The passé composé has three English equivalents:

I danced
I have danced	}	J'ai dansé
I did dance

The passé composé is a compound verb. It is formed with the present tense of the auxiliary verb (either avoir or être) plus the past participle of the main verb. Note that when the auxiliary verb is être, the past participle must agree with the subject, and when it's avoir, it may have to agree with its direct object (learn more).

AIMER
j'	ai aimé		nous	avons aimé
tu	as aimé		vous	avez aimé
il elle	a aimé		ils elles	ont aimé

DEVENIR (être verb)
je	suis devenu(e)		nous	sommes devenu(e)s
tu	es devenu(e)		vous	êtes devenu(e)(s)
il	est devenu		ils	sont devenus
elle	est devenue		elles	sont devenues

SE LAVER (pronominal verb)
je	me suis lavé(e)	nous	nous sommes lavé(e)s
tu	t'es lavé(e)	vous	vous êtes lavé(e)(s)
il	s'est lavé	ils	se sont lavés
elle	s'est lavée	elles	se sont lavées

Simple Past Tense

Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense ( preterite tense ) digunakan untuk :
1. kejadian di masa lalu
2. kejadian sudah terjadi (completely finished)
3. kejadian yang mempunyai keterangan waktu lampau ( misal yesterday, last week, two weeks ago dll)

contoh :

"The wind was howling around the hotel and the rain was pouring down. It was cold. The door opened and James Bond entered. He took off his coat, which was very wet, and ordered a drink at the bar. He sat down in the corner of the lounge and quietly drank his..."

The car exploded at 9.30am yesterday. She went to the door. We did not hear the telephone. Did you see that car?
past	present	future
The action is in the past.

Here are some long events with the simple past tense:

I lived in Bangkok for 10 years. The Jurassic period lasted about 62 million years. We did not sing at the concert. Did you watch TV last night?
past	present	future
The action is in the past.

	V1 base	V2 past	V3 past participle
regular verb	work explode like	worked exploded liked	worked exploded liked	The past form for all regular verbs ends in -ed.
irregular verb	go see sing	went saw sang	gone seen sung	The past form for irregular verbs is variable. You need to learn it by heart.
			You do not need the past participle form to make the simple past tense. It is shown here for completeness only.

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I			went	to school.
	You			worked	very hard.
-	She	did	not	go	with me.
	We	did	not	work	yesterday.
?	Did	you		go	to London?
	Did	they		work	at home?

Exception! The verb to be is different. We conjugate the verb to be (I was, you were, he/she/it was, we were, they were); and we do not use an auxiliary for negative and question sentences. To make a question, we exchange the subject and verb. Look at these examples:

	subject	main verb
+	I, he/she/it	was		here.
	You, we, they	were		in London.
-	I, he/she/it	was	not	there.
	You, we, they	were	not	happy.
?	Was	I, he/she/it		right?
	Were	you, we, they		late?

Question words

Question words = kata tanya

Who	Qui = siapa
What	Quoi= apa
Why	Pourquoi = mengapa
When	Quand = kapan
Where	Où = di mana / ke mana
How	Comment = bagaimana
How much / many	Combien = berapa
Which / what	Quel(le) = yang mana

Simple Present Tense

Kita menggunakan simple present tense :

1. untuk kejadian yang bersifat sepanjang waktu, terjadi pada saat kini, masa lalu, masa depan

The Moon goes round the Earth.

2. untuk menunjukkan suatu kebiasaan

I wake up at 07.00 every morning

Am I right? Tara is not at home. You are happy.
past	present	future
The situation is now.

I am not fat. Why are you so beautiful? Ram is tall.
past	present	future
The situation is general. Past, present and future.

Pola simple present tense :

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I, you, we, they			like	coffee.
	He, she, it			likes	coffee.
-	I, you, we, they	do	not	like	coffee.
	He, she, it	does	not	like	coffee.
?	Do	I, you, we, they		like	coffee?
	Does	he, she, it		like	coffee?

	subject	main verb
+	I	am		French.
	You, we, they	are		French.
	He, she, it	is		French.
-	I	am	not	old.
	You, we, they	are	not	old.
	He, she, it	is	not	old.
?	Am	I		late?
	Are	you, we, they		late?
	Is	he, she, it		late?

Adverb of time

Adverb of time : menunjukkan keterangan waktu

Adverbs of time tell when something happens and adverbs of frequency tell how often something happens. Below are some common adverbs of time and frequency which you should learn:

Time		Example
Saturday, Sunday ...		I am going to the shops on Monday.
Today = hari ini		I've been to the shops today.
Yesterday = kemarin		I went yesterday.
Next week/month/year = minggu yang akan datang		I am going next week.
Last week/month/year = minggu yang lalu		I went last year.
Finally = akhirnya		I finally went.
Eventually = akhirnya		I eventually went to the shops.
Already = sudah / telah		I've already been to the shops.
Soon = segera		I'm going to the shops soon.
Just = baru saja		I'm just going to the shops.
Still = masih Do it now. I always do my homework I will see you then. We sometimes get confused. They will be here soon. He usually gets good grades. I can't meet you today. I never went skiing. Let's go tomorrow. She rarely eats a big breakfast. They told me yesterday. He was once on TV. Have you traveled recently? He saw the movie twice.		I'm still at the shops.

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Adverb

Adverbs adalah kata yang menerangkan verbs.
Contoh adverbs adalah di bawah ini:

Adverbs -- Common List in American English This is a selected set of adverbs for the beginning student to have a starter set to help further describe actions. An ADVERB modifies a verb. It helps to tell "how," "when" or "where" the action took place. I have used it by picking a verb such as ran in a sentence such as "She ran, " "She lost" or "He spoke." Students then must pick an adverb to add to the sentence such as "She ran yesterday" or "She ran quickly to the store" or "She runs annually in the big race." This gives the student a chance to use them in a sentence. An adverb can also modify another adverb. Such as "She ran very quickly to the store."
accidentally afterwards almost always angrily annually anxiously awkwardly badly blindly boastfully boldly bravely briefly brightly busily calmly carefully carelessly cautiously cheerfully clearly correctly courageously	crossly cruelly daily defiantly deliberately doubtfully easily elegantly enormously enthusiastically equally even eventually exactly faithfully far fast fatally fiercely fondly foolishly fortunately frantically gently	gladly gracefully greedily happily hastily honestly hourly hungrily innocently inquisitively irritably joyously justly kindly lazily less loosely loudly madly merrily monthly more mortally mysteriously	nearly neatly nervously never noisily not obediently obnoxiously often only painfully perfectly politely poorly powerfully promptly punctually quickly quietly rapidly rarely really recklessly regularly	reluctantly repeatedly rightfully roughly rudely sadly safely seldom selfishly seriously shakily sharply shrilly shyly silently sleepily slowly smoothly softly solemnly sometimes soon speedily stealthily

Adjective

Adjectives adalah kata sifat yang menerangkan kata benda (noun) atau kata pengganti (pronoun).
Contoh adjectives adalah di bawah ini :

Appearance adorable adventurous aggressive alert attractive average beautiful blue-eyed bloody blushing bright clean clear cloudy colorful crowded cute dark drab distinct dull elegant excited fancy filthy	Appearance Contd. glamorous gleaming gorgeous graceful grotesque handsome homely light long magnificent misty motionless muddy old-fashioned plain poised precious quaint shiny smoggy sparkling spotless stormy strange ugly ugliest unsightly unusual wide-eyed	Condition alive annoying bad better beautiful brainy breakable busy careful cautious clever clumsy concerned crazy curious dead different difficult doubtful easy expensive famous fragile frail gifted helpful helpless horrible important	Condition Contd. impossible inexpensive innocent inquisitive modern mushy odd open outstanding poor powerful prickly puzzled real rich shy sleepy stupid super talented tame tender tough uninterested vast wandering wild wrong	Feelings (Bad) angry annoyed anxious arrogant ashamed awful bad bewildered black blue bored clumsy combative condemned confused crazy, flipped-out creepy cruel dangerous defeated defiant depressed disgusted disturbed dizzy dull embarrassed envious evil fierce foolish frantic frightened grieving	Feelings (Bad) Contd. grumpy helpless homeless hungry hurt ill itchy jealous jittery lazy lonely mysterious nasty naughty nervous nutty obnoxious outrageous panicky repulsive scary selfish sore tense terrible testy thoughtless tired troubled upset uptight weary wicked worried
Feelings (Good) agreeable amused brave calm charming cheerful comfortable cooperative courageous delightful determined eager elated enchanting encouraging energetic enthusiastic excited exuberant fair faithful fantastic fine friendly funny gentle glorious good	Feelings (Good) Contd. happy healthy helpful hilarious jolly joyous kind lively lovely lucky nice obedient perfect pleasant proud relieved silly smiling splendid successful thankful thoughtful victorious vivacious witty wonderful zealous zany	Shape broad chubby crooked curved deep flat high hollow low narrow round shallow skinny square steep straight wide	Size big colossal fat gigantic great huge immense large little mammoth massive miniature petite puny scrawny short small tall teeny teeny-tiny tiny	Sound cooing deafening faint harsh high-pitched hissing hushed husky loud melodic moaning mute noisy purring quiet raspy resonant screeching shrill silent soft squealing thundering voiceless whispering	Time ancient brief Early fast late long modern old old-fashioned quick rapid short slow swift young
Taste/Touch bitter delicious fresh juicy ripe rotten salty sour spicy stale sticky strong sweet tart tasteless tasty thirsty fluttering fuzzy greasy grubby hard hot icy loose	Taste/Touch Contd. melted nutritious plastic prickly rainy rough scattered shaggy shaky sharp shivering silky slimy slippery smooth soft solid steady sticky tender tight uneven weak wet wooden yummy	Touch boiling breezy broken bumpy chilly cold cool creepy crooked cuddly curly damaged damp dirty dry dusty filthy flaky fluffy freezing hot warm wet	Quantity abundant empty few heavy light many numerous substantial